Frost dates for Madison 2se, SD
At Madison 2se, the median last spring frost (32°F) is May 5 and the median first fall frost is Sep 30, for a typical growing season of 148 days. For a 90% chance that the last frost has passed, wait until May 18. Nearby ZIP codes are in USDA hardiness zone 4b.
- May 5Last spring frost (median)50% chance of 32°F after this date
- May 18Safer planting date10% chance of 32°F after this date
- Sep 30First fall frost (median)50% chance of 32°F by this date
- 148 daysGrowing season (median)between 32°F freezes
Last spring frost dates
The chance that the temperature drops to the threshold after each date.
| Temperature | 90% chance later | 50% chance later | 10% chance later |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 2 | May 14 | May 29 |
| 32°F | Apr 22 | May 5 | May 18 |
| 28°F | Apr 12 | Apr 27 | May 10 |
| 24°F | Apr 3 | Apr 16 | May 1 |
First fall frost dates
The chance that the temperature has dropped to the threshold by each date.
| Temperature | 10% chance by | 50% chance by | 90% chance by |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 10 | Sep 23 | Oct 5 |
| 32°F | Sep 18 | Sep 30 | Oct 13 |
| 28°F | Sep 26 | Oct 10 | Oct 23 |
| 24°F | Oct 5 | Oct 21 | Nov 3 |
Growing season length
Days between the last spring and first fall freeze, as the length reached in 9, 5 and 1 out of 10 years.
| Temperature | 9 in 10 years at least | 5 in 10 years at least | 1 in 10 years at least |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | 110 days | 130 days | 147 days |
| 32°F | 129 days | 148 days | 164 days |
| 28°F | 146 days | 166 days | 185 days |
| 24°F | 164 days | 185 days | 205 days |
Chance of a freeze in any year
| Temperature | Chance per year |
|---|---|
| 36°F | 100% |
| 32°F | 100% |
| 28°F | 100% |
| 24°F | 100% |
ZIP codes whose closest station is this one
| ZIP | Hardiness zone | Avg. extreme low | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 57042 | 4b | -25 to -20°F | 5 km |
Not the official USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Zones shown here are the values published in the USDA-ARS / Oregon State University PRISM Group 2023 ZIP code tables, shown unaltered. For the official interactive map, visit planthardiness.ars.usda.gov.
About this station
- NOAA station ID USC00395090, at 43.9906, -97.0922, elevation 501 m (1,643 ft).
- Data quality: Standard (24+ years of data), 27 years of freeze data.
- Average days per year at or below 32°F: 170.
- Frost risk changes over short distances. Valleys and low spots freeze earlier than hillsides and city centers.
Nearby weather stations
- Wentworth 2.5 WNW (7 km)
- Winfred 2s (21 km)
- Montrose 8n (21 km)
- Salem 5ne (32 km)
- Howard (35 km)
- Flandreau (41 km)
- Arlington 1 W (42 km)
- Brookings 2 NE (45 km)
Sources
- NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020, annual/seasonal normals by station (version 1.0.1), file dated June 27, 2023; documentation.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service and PRISM Group, Oregon State University, 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map ZIP code tables (CONUS, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico), files dated November 17, 2023. Data © PRISM Group, Oregon State University, https://prism.oregonstate.edu, accessed November 1, 2026. Official map: planthardiness.ars.usda.gov.
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Gazetteer ZIP Code Tabulation Areas file, dated August 30, 2024 (ZIP centroids used to find the nearest station).
Freeze dates are 30-year probabilities, not forecasts. Check your local forecast before planting tender plants.